Imo I think the biggest thing is it would be completing the revolution in the sense that the KMT fled to Taiwan and is a holdout, that would be a huge win for national pride and legitimacy for the government. The second biggest thing would be nothaving another country with an army so close to them that is "hostile" to their interests. And then after that there would be a lot of other benefits like absorbing their industry, economic zones, military bases, etc. They would much rather have the modern KMT party win an election and vote to become a part of China, than invade, which while very unlikely is not impossible by any means in the span of decades.
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One, it completes one of their long standing policy of "one China". They still view Taiwan as a rogue rebellion state to bring back into the fold, not an independent country to conquer.
Two, it would cripple a lot of the west's high end silicon industry. TSMC is the only one that can make the worlds most advanced nodes, as well as Taiwan holds chip packaging infrastructure that any other nodes require on to be useful.
To that end it is a geopolitical chip that China can use to pressure the west, but likely will never act upon until a real hot war breaks out.
Money, power, influence, prestige
Land and the sea surrounding Taiwan, which comes with resource that they can exploit, and controling people that they claim is theirs. It's the same reason why europe sail across the sea to colonize others land, and why US doesn't let Puerto Rico become independent. China never acknowledged that Taiwan is an independent country, they always believe that Taiwan is their territory. It's imperialism.
Doesn't both Taiwan and China both officially recognize all of China and Taiwan as their own territory?
Yes and according to the CCP if Taiwan ever changes that it will trigger military action.
Puerto Rico doesn't want to be independent. They regularly have polls on this. About half want to be a state. About half want to keep the status quo. A small fraction favor independence. And it is obvious why - despite all the economic restrictions and lack of representation, the average Puerto Rican is far better off economically with a US passport. Just look at comparable Caribbean island nations - an independent Puerto Rico would have little going for it other than as a stopover for shipping boats and cruise ships. As part of the US, they draw an outsized portion of the Caribbean tourism market, can easily trade with US companies without the impediments of international borders, and can dream that their kids can go to the mainland and study in some of the best universities in the world.
Street cred.