I see some fairly interesting prices for refurbished drives on Amazon, 35~40% cheaper than new. Example here: 16TB Seagate Exos X18 Refurbished at 166€ and New at 260€.

I am considering this option for my home NAS, running with BTRFS RAID10, plus important files are backed-up to a cloud storage, but not my media collection.

In your opinion, how risky is it to use refurbished drives ? Do you have to good or bad experience doing so ?

How do you manage the distribution of internal TLS network certificates? I'm using cert-manager to generate them, but the root self-signed certificate expires monthly which makes distribution to devices outside of K8s a challenge. It's a PITA to keep doing this for the tablet, laptop and phones. I can bump the root cert to a year, but I'm concerned that the date will sneak up on me. Are there any automated solutions?

The specs are: AMD Embedded G-Series GX-420GI Radeon R7E 2,0GHz 8GB RAM 32 GB M.2 Flash memory

Apparently no support for NVMe so I'd need to buy a new SATA SSD. It's not a powerhouse but I thought it seemed like a good deal, even though it might be a bit dated. What are your thoughts? Would I be able to run a few stuff like Tailscale, piHole, irssi, nginx, Jellyfin (w/o transcoding), some other small docker containers on it?

I have a home setup with private services and Wireguard to phone in from outside, and would sometimes like to be able to access some of these services from devices that don't have their own Wireguard client like an eBook reader.

Ideally, I would have Wireguard on my Android phone, create a WiFi hotspot and allow other devices to use that Wireguard connection. Out of the box this doesn't work. Does anybody know how to achieve it?

This post is mostly just me bitching about the music industry but also genuine interest in what other people in this community do when it comes to music streaming. Apologies if this is an incomprehensible wall of text.

My favorite self-hosted project is Navidrome. I've been running it for years and it's been absolutely perfect the entire time. Related clients like Supersonic and Tempo have been fantastic as well. More than half of my donations to open source software have been to music related projects like these, I use them for multiple hours every day.

I'm giving up on using them though, because actually obtaining the music to stream has become harder and more expensive every year. Unlike self-hosted movie/tv streaming, the primary reason I self-host music is to support the artists. I feel better paying $10 for an album I enjoy compared to the artist getting pennies from me streaming it. I'm sure as hell not doing this to save money, I spend around $30/month on average on new music.

My only criteria for buying music is that it's at least CD-quality. Going back a few years, my options (ordered by preference at the time) were Bandcamp, Qobuz, 7Digital, the artist's own website, physical CDs that I'd rip myself, then finally giving up and using Soulseek. Bandcamp and Qobuz would typically cover 95% of what I was looking for, I'd rarely need to use Soulseek.

But over the course of those past few years...

Bandcamp was bought by Epic, then sold to Songtradr, half of its staff were laid off, and it's been a shell of its former self ever since. It seems like Bandcamp is now mostly ignored by artists, with albums rarely releasing or releasing far later than other platforms. It's genuinely a surprise when I find the artist or album I'm looking for on Bandcamp at this point.

Qobuz has been experiencing rapid enshittification as they try to get people to subscribe to their streaming service. Dark patterns added throughout the purchase and download process, albums being pulled from my account, and albums becoming more expensive (I'm seeing a whole lot more $15-$20 albums than $10 albums now).

7Digital is dead.

Artist websites rarely offer lossless downloads anymore. Last time I bought an album directly from an artist was Madeon in 2019, and that's now an archived page you have to go out of your way to find.

CDs are somehow still a reliable option, but I just cannot justify this anymore. At some point having a collection of 250 plastic discs that I rip precisely once and then store forever just doesn't make sense. I'm tired of buying physical clutter to get digital files. I sold a sizable chunk of my collection a few months ago.

Soulseek, the "fuck it I'm pirating it" option whenever I can't buy an album through any available means. Surprisingly even Soulseek seems to be suffering, I used to be able to find anything, but now even a slightly obscure release can be hard to find.

So now, my preferred options are Bandcamp, Qobuz if the album is less than $15, then Soulseek. I'm using Soulseek a hell of a lot more now, which defeats the point of why I do this in the first place. So fuck it, I subscribed to Tidal.

But like, what the fuck? Why is it so hard to give artists more money?

So, for others who self-host their music collection, or even still rock an iPod or something, what do you do? Do you buy lossy releases? Do you pirate everything? Is there a magical website that has every album for sale that I just don't know about? CDs? I can't be the only one with this problem, but I haven't seen anyone else talk about it.

I have an old ThinkPad 11e running Debian that I have repurposed into a home server. It's only supposed to run TVheadend. I don't need any other services for now, but later on i might add a few using docker.

Is it enough to set multiuser.target as default to disable gui and keep the system always on?

How can I disable all unnecessary services and minimize power usage?

I'm not the developer, but I thought I'd share this with the community. A pretty cool tool which reads Lidarr data and asks Spotify's API to return artist recommendations based on that data.

A while ago, I had requested help with using LLMs to manage all my teaching notes. I have since installed Ollama and been playing with it to get a feel for the setup.

I was also suggested the use of RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation ) and CA (cognitive architecture). However, I am unclear on good self hosted options for these two tasks. Could you please suggest a few?

For example, I tried ragflow.io and installed it on my system, but it seems I need to setup an account with a username and password to use it. It remains unclear if I can use the system offline like the base ollama model, and that information won't be sent from my computer system.

I’ve set up subnet routing via Tailscale from my Oracle VPS to my home RPi4. The VPS has a static IPv4 and a /64 IPv6 allocation. I use the VPS to reverse traffic apps on the raspberry using nginx. I would like to take one step forward by tunneling v6 traffic from my home network to WAN, so every client gets its own IPv6 address. What's the best way to tunnel IPv6 traffic from my home network through the RPi4 to the Oracle VPS? I’m also comfortable with messing up my Asus AC86U router to provide publicly routable IPv6 addresses to all clients via DHCP.

I often see people mention the Portainer project and how it's useful, but I never hear any reason to use it other than as a more user friendly front end to service management.

So is there any particular feature or reason to use portainer over docker's CLI? Or is it simply a method of convenience?

This isn't only strictly for self hosting, but I figure people here would know better.

Hey guys. I’ve been considering maybe moving to another OS for my home lab. Do you have have any suggestions? Especially former Unraid users? Mostly just for arrs though I would like to run reverse proxy/file hosting as well. Proxmox seems pretty trendy can I use it for arrs as well as backups?

Rant/extra info:

At the moment I have my NAS setup as a Proxmox VM with a hardware RAID card handling 6 2TB disks. My VMs are running on NVMEs with the NAS VM handling the data storage with the RAIDed volume passed through to the VM direct in Proxmox. I am running it as a large ext4 partition. Mostly photos, personal docs and a few films. Only I really use it. My desktop and laptop mount it over NFS. I have restic backups running weekly to two external HDDs. It all works pretty well and has for years.

I am now getting ZFS curious. I know I'll need to IT flash the HBA, or get another. I'm guessing it's best to create the zpool in Proxmox and pass that through to the NAS VM? Or would it be better to pass the individual disks through to the VM and manage the zpool from there?

I know this is more hardware related, so please let me know if I should move this post elsewhere.

I built my first server earlier this year, and put buying a UPS on the back burner. Unfortunately for me, this might have already been my biggest mistake since going down this rabbit hole. The rental I’ll be in for at least another 10 months has some questionable wiring (a lot of rooms/outlets wired to the same breaker), which I believe has created some electrical anomalies and possibly killed some of my computer components. The memory on my PC went first, and now the 7-month-old PSU on my server is toast.

Bear in mind, I am not an electrician, so I could be entirely wrong on why this has happened. Regardless, it's time I invest in a UPS. I have searched forums, blogs, YouTube, and cannot find consistent pros and cons for any of the big manufacturers. It seems like APC and CyberPower are the two big consumer grade manufacturers, which is probably what I should be looking at.

Here is what my server currently consists of:

Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated!

I want to selfhost my own personal website. This is just for fun, as a hobby and to show off my skills to others. nothing big.

I have my own server home but I want to have something that's separate from my personal stuff.

I do not need any support, meaning it can be as cheap as possible. I do not yet know how much RAM or CPU or storage I need. I guess CPU > 2GHz and 2GB RAM should be enough to start.

daily/weekly backup with rsync in case the hoster goes out of business.

I do not need a domain, I will use a dynamic dns hoster.

Hey there!

I'm thinking about starting a blog about privacy guides, security, self-hosting, and other shenanigans, just for my own pleasure. I have my own server running Unraid and have been looking at self-hosting Ghost as the blog platform. However, I am wondering how "safe" it is to use one's own homelab for this. If you have any experience regarding this topic, I would gladly appreciate some tips.

I understand that it's relatively cheap to get a VPS, and that is always an option, but it is always more fun to self-host on one's own bare metal! :)

I would like to make some of my self-hosted services externally accessible. Currently I use a VPN to access stuff externally, however this doesn't work on all use-cases. I also use Tailscale for some things.

I would love to use cloudflare tunnels and another auth solution (like keycloak) to replace Tailscale and the VPN.

Is this feasible?

My end goal would be to setup Immich for my family, and have them not have to worry about Tailscale, a VPN or anything other than some initial login to keycloak (for example)

Last June, fans of Comedy Central – the long-running channel behind beloved programmes such as The Daily Show and South Park – received an unwelcome surprise. Paramount Global, Comedy Central’s parent company, unceremoniously purged the vast repository of video content on the channel’s website, which dated back to the late 1990s.

I'm afraid this is going to attract the "why use podman when docker exists"-folks, so let me put this under the supposition that you're already sold on (considering) using podman for whatever reason. (For me, it has been the existence of pods, to be used in situations where pods make sense, but in a non-redundant, single-node setup.)

Now, I was trying to understand the purpose of quadlets and, frankly, I don't get it. It seems to me that as soon as I want a pod with more than one container, what I'll be writing is effectively a kubernetes configuration plus some systemd unit-like file, whereas with podman compose I just have the (arguably) simpler compose file and a systemd file (which works for all pod setups).

I would get that it's sort of simpler, more streamlined and possibly more stable using quadlets to let systemd manage single containers instead of putting podman run commands in systemd service files. Is that all there is to it, or do people utilise quadlets as a kind of lightweight almost-kubernetes distro which leverages systemd in a supposedly reasonable way? (Why would you want to do that if lightweight, fully compliant kubernetes distros are a thing, nowadays?)

Am I missing or misunderstanding something?

So, I'm trying to set up gluetun. I linked a Firefox container to it and apparently every check of DNS leaks shows that it's leaking. Cloudflare and quad9 are the servers, the same names that I've set to dot providers. So I am gathering from all of this that these leaks are to be expected? And non of the DNS servers show my real IP, always one of mullvad IPS. Am I getting this right?

I’m happily serving a few websites and services publicly. Now I would like to host my Navidrome server, but keep the contents private on the web to stay out of trouble. I’m afraid that when I install a reverse proxy, it’ll take my other stuff ~~online~~ offline and causes me various headaches that I’m not really in the headspace for at the moment. Is there a safe way to go about doing this selectively?

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.ca/post/30126699

I created this guide on how to install Jellyfin as a Podman Quadlet on your server. Enjoy.

The problem:

I manage computers for some loved ones from whom I now live several states away. All devices are linux environments and basically serve as home theater and light duty SOHO.

They have been running for several years without incident, but do require intervention for the "hard" stuff like major release upgrades. (And perhaps I like to slip some entertainment media onto their shared drive from time to time).

And I'd like to have an avenue to do this that doesn't necessarily involve planning a road trip.

Candidate solution(s):

Deploy a micro PC to sit on their network, whose sole purpose is as a headless SSH server. I would intend to SSH into that device, and from there SSH across the LAN to the necessary computers. The rationale is that I would only have one device answering the door, so to speak, at port 22, greatly simplifying port forwards and any need for static IPs.

With dual stack IPv4 + IPv6 internet service, would it be better that I attempt this through IPv6?

The micro PC would be scripted to retrieve the current public IP address every X hours and email it to me.

Another idea is to configure the immediate SSH box behind a Tor SSH hidden service or a I2P eepsite SSH. This way it would maintain a persistent, reachable address without requiring some cobbled together script & email IP notification.

This is my guide for generating playlists for your local music library using ListenBrainz and the troi recommendation engine. troi is still being developed and the official documentation isn't great so I figured documenting my process might help others who are interested. I've tried this both with local folders on my Debian server and with my Navidrome library from my Macbook so I will do my best to explain both.

There are a few requirements

1. Your music must be tagged with MusicBrainz. I use beets for this but you can also use the MusicBrainz desktop client.
2. You need a ListenBrainz account. Data can be imported from Last.fm or Libre.fm if you have it.

Install troi

Install troi and nmslib with pip

pip install troi
pip install nmslib-metabrainz

If you're on a managed python install use pipx and add the virtual environment to your PATH (don't forget to reload)

pipx install troi
pipx inject troi nmslib-metabrainz
export PATH="$PATH":"$HOME/.local/bin"
source ~/.zshrc

Configure troi

Create a folder for your troi configuration files. I used ~/.config/troi. Create a file config.py in your configuration folder using the example format below. Edit DATABASE_FILE and MUSIC_DIRECTORIES to match your setup.

If you're using a Subsonic library (like Navidrome) you can fill in SUBSONIC_HOST with your instance url, SUBSONIC_USER and SUBSONIC_PASSWORD with your login and SUBSONIC_PORT with 443 (this is the only port that I could get to work with my docker setup)

# Where to find the database file
# If path is passed with -d flag, this list is ignored.
DATABASE_FILE = "/users/sillyhatsonly/.config/troi/troi-db.db"

# To connect to a Subsonic API
SUBSONIC_HOST = "https://music.myserver.dev"  # include http:// or https://
SUBSONIC_USER = "admin"
SUBSONIC_PASSWORD = "thisisnotmypassword"
SUBSONIC_PORT = 443

# List of music directories to scan by default
# If paths are passed to scan command, this list is ignored.
# Invalid directories are skipped.
MUSIC_DIRECTORIES = [
    'My/Music/Directory 1',
    'My/Music/Directory 2',
]

Create your music database

Now create the database, scan the local directories specified in config.py and pull ListenBrainz tag/popularity metadata for all files. If you're using a Subsonic library run troi db subsonic instead of troi db scan

# create database
troi db create
# scan music directories
troi db scan
# pull music metadata
troi db metadata

Generate playlists

Generate playlists for your local library using ListenBrainz Radio Local. Specify a mode which sets how closely the resulting playlist will meet the prompt (easy/medium/hard from closest to furthest) and an entity reference either artist or tag. More details in the docs: LB Prompt Radio Reference

# tracks by Thou and similar artists
troi lb-radio easy 'artist:(thou)' -m <playlist-name>.m3u

# tracks tagged 'jazz' and tracks tagged 'hip-hop'
troi lb-radio medium 'tag:(jazz)::or tag:(hip-hop)'

# tracks tagged both 'indie rock' and 'experimental'
troi lb-radio medium 'tag:(indie rock, experimental)'

Another option is to generate weekly recommendations playlists for your ListenBrainz account

# -m flag saves to the specified m3u playlist
troi weekly-jams <username> -m <playlist-name>.m3u

# -u flag uploads the playlist via Subsonic API
troi weekly-jams <username> -u

Automate weekly playlists

You can automate weekly playlists with a script. I wrote a script that scans my music directory, removes missing files, generates a playlist, and saves it locally as an m3u

#!/bin/sh

# scan music directory and pull metadata using the database in our troi config folder
troi db scan 'My/Music/Directory 1' -q -d '/users/sillyhatsonly/.config/troi/troi-db.db'
troi db metadata 'My/Music/Directory 1' -q -d '/users/sillyhatsonly/.config/troi/troi-db.db'
# clean up the database and remove any missing files
troi db cleanup --remove -q -d '/users/sillyhatsonly/.config/troi/troi-db.db'
# generate weekly playlist and save locally to m3u
troi weekly-jams <username> -d '/users/sillyhatsonly/.config/troi/troi-db.db' -y -q -m /users/sillyhatsonly/music/playlists/weekly-$(date +%Y%m%d).m3u

Then set it up to run weekly as a cron job.

That's all I've done so far. Hopefully this makes sense. I welcome comments or questions. If anyone else has been using troi with their local music libraries I'd love to hear about your experience. Playlist generation was the one feature I really missed when I stopped using streaming platforms so I'm excited about this tool!