Previous studies on the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) in Poland present a complex and contentious picture, suggesting a chronological overlap of various Aurignacian variants and positing that Homo sapiens did not settle the region until after 35,000 [133–135]. This left the area uninhabited for millennia following Neanderthal extinction. This hypothesis raises a key question of whether the environmental conditions of southern Poland acted as barriers to migrating Homo sapiens, or if the region’s resources were simply too limited and dispersed compared to other parts of Europe. The scarcity of human remains and the limited stratigraphic and chronological detail of most EUP sites in Poland have left these questions unresolved [51]. In this context, interdisciplinary work at Obłazowa Cave, with its well-preserved stratigraphy, adds valuable evidence of sustained Homo sapiens presence in the region from the Early Aurignacian. This aligns with findings from Stajnia Cave [28], suggesting that human groups periodically moved in the tundra environments of southern Poland during the EUP.