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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Most listed in some form elsewhere, but
I've also been enjoying Kate. It's a decent text editor, but the ability to Ctrl + / to pipe selected lines through any Linux command (Uniq, shuf, etc) is a bit of a superpower for an editor
socat - connect anything to anything
for example
socat - tcp-connect:remote-server:12345
socat tcp-listen:12345 -
socat tcp-listen:12345 tcp-connect:remote-server:12345
nmap *your_local_ip_address*
for example
nmap 192.168.1.43/24 will show you what devices are connected to the local network, and what ports are open there. really useful, for example, when you forgot the address of your printer or raspi yet again.
you can also use it to understand what ports on your computer are open from an attacker's perspective, or simply to figure out what services are running (ssh service).
losetup
it's useful for dealing with virtual disk images. like a real physical hard disk, but it's a file on the computer. you can mount it, format it, and write it to a real physical disk.
it's sometimes used with virtual machines, with iso images, or when preparing a bootable disk.
Pandoc.
Converts any rich text format to any other.
netstat -tunl shows all open ports on the machine to help diagnose any firewall issues.
netstat is kind of deprecated, ss is more modern (from the iproute2 package) and uses very similar parameters.
ip eg:
# ip a
# ip a a 192.168.1.99/24 dev enp160
The first incantation - ip address (you can abbreviate whilst it is unambiguous) gets you a quick report of interfaces, MAC, IPs and so on. The second command assigns another IP address to an interface. Handy for setting up devices which don't do DHCP out of the box or already have an IP and need a good talking to.
Oh and you can completely set up your IP stack, interfaces and routing etc with it. Throw in nft or iptables (old school these days - sigh!) for filtering and other network packet mangling shenanigans.