If you need waterproof, the Olympus TG series has long been my phone camera/de-Googling go-to. It ticks most of your requirements. I love its macro modes and it's definitely pocketable. Also stands up to a lot of abuse and has a strong market for accessories,
DeGoogle Yourself
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I like the Olympus OM-D. Their PEN series might be what you want, because it's rather slim for a real camera. I think there could even be GPS.
But remember that some physical size is needed to have these optical qualties that a phone cannot have.
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Have you tried one of the custom rom OS's, like CalyxOS or Graphene? You can use their built in firewall to disconnect Google's Photo app. It also uses MicroG for google play services and the like, so basically de-googled.