science

Why not submerge a tank with a hole at the bottom and blow air in the tank via a hose to store energy?

... a sphere nine metres in diameter and weighing 400 tonnes will be submerged off the coast of California at a depth of 500 to 600 metres. It will have a storage capacity of 0.4 megawatt hours (400 kWh) ...

i will try a rough calculations : suppose we can have concrete at $100 per ton, then it's a minimum investment of $40,000. Also suppose electricity is stored with a large added value of 10 cents per kilowatt hour, so, for every cycle a rough gain of $40. By these numbers, 1,000 cycles would pay for the concrete ... so, it may look good considering they plan a life of about 50 years for such devices.
On the other hand if competitive battery storage cost only one cents per kilowatt hour (temporary in and out storage) and if concrete and fabrication goes up 10 times to $1,000 per ton then it is not economically viable anymore.

A good calculation of profitability would need to take into account the less than 100% energy efficiency of batteries cycling and of hydraulic energy cycling, ... and so many more parameters which have to be studied.

Interesting concept, but not very scalable. It's basically a reversed dam - when it's full, there's 0m head of water. Then with excess energy, you lower the level inside, storing the energy in the water outside. E.g -2m head. Water then flows in to equalise head, and doing so, regenerates electricity. Adding depth to supercharge pressure differentials is a good idea, although I wonder how they limit the flow rate, or otherwise prevent cavitation shocks each cycle.

Could be useful as a private industrial battery, but a dam would still be better on an infrastructural level.

They need to pair this with Tidal power

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power

Each sphere has an estimated lifespan of between 50 and 60 years, with partial replacement of components every 20 years or so.

The concept is fascinating, but what I'm most curious about is how they achieve that longevity in seawater. Benthic life really loves to settle and build on hard surfaces.

I’m pretty skeptical about this- wouldn’t a 30m sphere be incredibly buoyant when empty? I get its concrete, but it’s displacing huge amounts of water. So you’d need some massive anchoring, maybe that’s not a big deal. Second, I don’t know what depths we’re talking about here, but I feel like the stress from cycling these things daily would be insane- in high pressure salt water no less. I also wonder what the efficiency of this system would be compared to other similar batteries, like pumped hydro storage. It seems to me pumping out water to near vacuum while under crushing outside water pressure would be a significant power hog.