I just wanted to throw the AU/NZ plug into the mix since nobody is really talking about it. I don't have enough knowledge about this kind of thing to really have a take on it, but I'm interested to get an international perspective.
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I'd go UK then NZ/AUS (Type I plugs). I may put our NZ/AUS ones above the UK ones on the size difference. and of cause they should all have RCD protection
The main thing that should get adopted everywhere is having fuses or breakers in the plugs themselves. That would eliminate a lot of fires caused by putting too much current through small wires.
I also like the outlets (like in the UK and probably other places) that won't unlock the mains slots until there's a ground pin in place.
How does that work for devices you don't necessarily want ground pins on? eg: toasters
Why would you not want a toaster to be earthed? I can think of loads of devices that would apply to but toasters contain a lot of metal and frequently have metal casings.
You can also always have an earth pin, like type G plugs and sockets, even if it isn't wired up and is made of plastic.
If the toaster has a metal chassis, you DEFINITELY want that earthed, since any failure where the element or live hits the chassis will instantly trip the RCD/Ground protection whatever you guys call it. But, for devices that really don't need a proper earth, we just put a plastic earth pin connected to nothing in the plug.
I also like the outlets (like in the UK and probably other places) that wonβt unlock the mains slots until thereβs a ground pin in place.
That's... most places. Or better, they don't open unless you push in both prongs at the same time
I don't care for the one that require both mains pins go in at the same time. That's what we have most in my area and they are not as smooth as the long ground pin unlocks.
I may be skewed by the fact its the plug of my country; but i like the type L plug (its the no 1 in the photo) mostly because its modular: you dont need to get a specific faceplate to have a certain arrangement of plugs, switches etc... You just take the brace plate off and you can rearrange the fruits in the box to your hearts content. Eg: you pass an ethernet cable and need to put a keystone in the wall; you just buy the fruit and put it in the place of a blanking plate. What i dont like is the almost total lack of shielding for the live and neutral.
Nah, reversible polarity. I hate that.
It's 2024
There's a lot of dangerous stuff coming from questionable countries that are referencing neutral in bad circuit designs. That can make chassis/buttons/exposed parts live if the polarity is set as such. Even worse, it might work great for a long time and then a diode or capacitor goes open circuit and suddenly something is live that wasn't before.
In a device I trust, sure polarity won't matter. But, there's a lot of bad stuff out there, and I really don't want to count on my RCD to stop the current before it's done enough damage to me.
eh if you buy weird mains-powered devices from aliexpress that elude import control, that's on you
There are so many well thought out features to UK plugs and sockets there is no contest.
Isnβt the UK plug like how it is because of the awful ring circuits in buildings built after the war? Otherwise could we have RCDs and overload protection at the switchboard?
As an Australian Iβll stand in solidarity with the UK on having switches for each power socket β immensely convenient.
I have no opinion on my countryβs plug, it seems to work well and not grip loosely. But Iβm open to being convinced that others are better.
I am convinced the Danish power socket contributes to national happiness.
switches for each power socket β immensely convenient.
Admittedly, that's pretty awesome. I don't understand why these sockets with power switches are not common elsewhere.
For example, when you step on them, the plugs hurt a lot more than a Lego brick.
We have switches on the socket so rarely need to actually unplug anything.
I mean, the same can be said for most plugs. I've had my own experience with US plugs, and it hurt so bad I thought it had punctured the bottom of my food.
Type G plugs always land on the ground with the pins up though.
All continental European standards are harmless, they lay flat and the prongs are thick and round
The Brits have undoubtedly the best outlets from a safety perspective, despite their size. North American outlets are garbage by basically all measures. European plugs are weirdly round, but very functional.
My two (β¬/100)s
I'm biased, from the UK. But it's pretty much the order I'd do it too. UK first, the round Europe ones only very slightly behind (maybe even on par, I have just a slight issue with the fact that polarity isn't assured).
I'll just throw in one good thing for US outlets. The option of GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets. I think it is required in bathrooms (or elsewhere 6 feet from water source), but you can probably install those anywhere you wish. It cuts off the power during a ground fault, which means that some current (more than regular leakage) is flowing to ground, perhaps through a human. It should cut off at just 5mA.
There's something similar in Europe, called RCD (Residual Current Device). It is the same thing, it's just that in US it's generally called GFCI and RCD in Europe. The difference with RCD is that it's not in the outlets, but the breaker box, and generally protects the whole home. But you can also wire GFCI to multiple outlets. The problem is, that trip ground fault current for RCD can be up to 30mA as opposed to GFCI's 5mA. And with 10mA and above, you may not be able to "let go" of the item shocking you, which isn't nice even if it won't yet kill you (probably).
Why is that? Leakage current. That could very well exceed 5mA when you have stuff like a desktop PC, fridge and other stuff connected, resulting in unwanted tripping while everything functions just fine. It also means that perhaps, one day, your fridge may save you by preloading the RCD as it wouldn't trip without it.
OK, now something negative about (some) EU plugs.
Type C:
This should only work for devices that don't require ground due to pin thickness. But you can still get it to make a terrible contact and hold it in. But perhaps you could even force it into some. I dislike this.
Type F:
Oh well. You can probably still force in older plugs that require ground pin yet don't have the contacts for type F sockets like modern plugs. It is also reversible which I hate. Sockets should be polarized. You shouldn't be allowed to just plug in the device other way around. If there is a switch, it definitely should disconnect live wire, not neutral leaving the device live but not functional. That's unsafe. I hate this.
Type E:
This is nice. I like it. It would also be cool if there was a fuse inside the plugs cough cough UK plugs.
You can get RCD sockets if you want in the UK (and mainland Europe too). But we generally at the minimum have sockets protected by an RCD (which is the same thing) and in more modern installations all circuits are protected by one.
In my country the differential switch is mandatory, every circuit must be protected, be it from a main one or separate ones for each circuit. I'd be surprised if it weren't the same all over the EU.
Sure, but as far as I could find, even those have trip rating of 30mA. But perhaps I could find some with lower rating.
I think 30ma is about normal. There's a good reason, in an average socket ring (or even radial) you will always get SOME leakage. So there's always going to be a common sense allowance made depending on whether it's a single socket, a small radial or one or more rings.
In Italy we have our own version of the type F, the Schuko Bipasso and it's so fucking convenient. (number 2)
I am going to argue Swiss type J.
Itβs compact, safe, and easy to use.
Before anyone says UK Iβm going to say theyβre too bulky to be worth it. A usb charger for a UK plug is just so big and bulky that itβs not worth it. The Schuko plug falls into the same category.
If we are allowing future potential plugs I would argue for IEC 60906-1. Itβs basically the same as Swiss type J but with very minor changes.
I definitely agree about the UK plug. I don't know how to describe it, but it looks like a caricature of what a plug is supposed to look like.
can we make a new thing? ie, i love what weve been able to do with USB-c as far as standardization... could we make a higher voltage, single plug 'thing'?
What I'd rather see is a standardization of PD installed in houses. That is, as part of the electrical installation a high capacity PD power supply is installed, and USB C sockets available on all power sockets. It would be more efficient to do a one-off central supply.
The problem is, that PD supports many voltages, so there'd need to be some way to dynamically generate those.
But, a good DC house supply would be a good thing and easier to provide some kind of battery backup for.
i started swapping out outlets with a dual usb-c model. quite bulky, and from the sounds of it not very efficient
My uninformed take on this is that its almost impossible because countries have different power standards. Of course i may be entirely wrong, or correct but with an entirely incorrect reasoning. Please people who actually know correct me below
We could make low voltage DC wiring a thing inside homes.
PoE works really well, data and power over a single ethernet cable for various low voltage devices. I have PoE powering network switches, WiFi access points, doorbells, cameras and raspberry pis.
The main problems is high amperage required to get the same wattage and the difficulty to change voltage with dc; coming from someone that has a small workshop running out of 12v dc from solar panels and batteries
It depends on what you're running, but I used to work for a low voltage lighting company. We did mostly 24vdc.
We could but the amount of time that would take would be ludicrous, and that's if you can convince people to switch. People don't like change.
Hell, the switch to USB-C isn't even fully complete. Sure, Apple finally did it after the EU twisted their arm, but some companies still release products with micro USB. Idk if it's cheaper or what, but it's definitely annoying.
i think the micro to usb-c is about supply chain. current production needs to run out the supply of the cheaper micro pieces. at some point it will be cheaper to use usb-c than micro and we wont look back.