Academia

All employees no matter their nationality are to take yearly medicals. The results are shared only with a company appointed doctor. One reason is so that the company can implement changes if there is a pattern of bad health. Like if their workers are unfit, they might start a fitness program, or education program etc.

So far this sounds reasonable and makes a lot of sense.

If a diagnosis from the examination comes back as needing more attention, you will be directed to do so (but you can ignore these, too if it is not severe).

Ah, so basically the same as if just seeing my own personal family doctor.

If there is something majorly wrong that would affect your work, the company doctor would have to notify the company.

Ah, so the exact opposite of seeing my own personal family doctor. And I assume it's not an anonymous report (you have X people working for you who have Y disease which will affect your business) but an identifying one (abff08f4813c has Y disease which you need to know about). Which leads to why someone might attend but refuse one or a few specific tests...

Some are very basic like height and weight, hearing and so on.

Well, even this - if I have that job which requires me to be under a certain weight, and I know that I just recently gained a few above. So I refuse that part to avoid getting it reported to my company. Or if I know my hearing has gotten worse (say due to a checkup I had with an overseas doctor) where excellent and superior hearing is a requirement for the job, same deal.

As for everyone attending and refusing all tests, I doubt that would happen.

Agreed. I didn't mean all, but just some. Perhaps like the one specific test involving needles to check blood (maybe this would happen due to a fear of contaminated needles based on a hypothetical recent incident?). But you answered below - if it's just attendance that's being counted, then the specific nature of this kind of refusal wouldn't matter so much.

But I ...[doubly].. believe that attendance is what is counted, not what tests were or were not taken.

That makes sense. It's probably hard in practice to require a company get N number of employees to take a specific test (and prove it was done) while attendance is easier to count, so attendance is used as a proxy that enough employees are getting checked for the necessary things and being found in good health.

Again, opinion only.

Well, these are facts - meaning that they're fact-checkable. We might not be entirely sure of the answers to some of these and perhaps have to make guesses or speculate, but unlike opinions a fact like "(In Japan) attendance is what is counted" for example can in principle be checked and confirmed as right or wrong, which is not the case for a true opinion.