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Windows 11 IoT LTSC 2024 arrives making TPM and Secure Boot optional — lower storage requirements, too
(www.tomshardware.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
You can run bitlocker without TPM using a usb flash drive instead. I think you can also store the key in your mind as a password.
Yes, but when they're on USB the keys are much more accessible. You can just plug it in and dump them.
If you're only using a password, the keys are stored in an unencrypted part of the drive, which can again easily be dumped.
Once you've dumped the keys, you can brute-force the passphrase offline.