The debug version you compile doesn't affect the code; it just stores more information about symbols. The whole shtick about the debugger replacing instructions with INT3 still happens.

You can validate that the code isn't affected yourself by running objdump on two binaries, one compiled with debug symbols and one without. Otherwise if you're lazy (like me 😄):

https://stackoverflow.com/a/8676610

And for completeness: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-14.1.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html