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Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.
Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.
The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Read more...
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I do not understand why religions are mentioned here. No one says the Christian invented steam engine helped the Muslims and Jews. WTF Scientific America as religion has little to do with smart people making cleaver devices.
The astrolabe’s ability to tell the time during day or night made it an important part of medieval worship, Morrison says. This was especially true for Muslims, who—in addition to praying at specific times during the day—also needed to pray facing the specific direction of a sacred building in Mecca called the Kaaba
The Islamic Golden Age isn't called that just because scientific advancement happened in the Middle East.
It is just a label though. We could have easily called the British empire or the American the a Christian Golden Age, but we do not as religion has little to do with scientific advancement.
The Islamic Golden Age was deeply intertwined with religion though. In this case considering it's discovery location, mentioning the religion is highly relevant.
Yet the same can be said about many cultures throughout time as religion was the government so I understand what you are saying, but religion is still not worth mentioning. It would be like saying the CPU was made by a Democratic nation and enjoyed by fascists, authoritarian governments etc etc.
There are, genuinely, artifacts from the Western world where the religion and culture are also highly relevant to the discovery and attribution. Perhaps in the future, it will be highly relevant to identify the political attribution to an artifact. That's certainly the case with civilizations that interacted with Rome.