UK Nature and Environment

A new study has shown that overall there have been increases in the ability of nature to contribute to our wellbeing, with marked improvements in agricultural habitats and the number of people spending time in nature, compared to 2000 levels.

The biennial Natural Capital Asset Index (NCAI) looks at how Scotland’s stock of habitats and ecosystems – the country’s natural capital - provides social, environmental and economic benefits to people, tracking annual changes in our ecosystems’ abilities to contribute to the health of Scotland’s food, water, air and communities. The Index reports on areas of improvement and deterioration, taking in a range of factors like aesthetic and cultural value, air purification, carbon sequestration and timber resources. In total, calculations track 38 indicators across seven Scottish habitat types: coastal; inland surface water; mires, bogs and fen; grasslands; heathland; woodland; agricultural and cultivated lands.

The 2025 NCAI shows that the ability of agricultural habitats to benefit people has been improving since 2018. This is largely due to efforts by farmers to reduce their impacts on the environment through participation in agri-environmental schemes and reducing the use of fertiliser and pesticides. These actions taken by farmers directly improve the ability of agricultural and cultivated habitats to deliver benefits to people across Scotland.