this post was submitted on 16 Mar 2025
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Thanks for directions :) I'll check that out
Udev is the best way to add persistent values for pretty much everything in the sysfs. That being said, it can be a bit obtuse when first learning about it. Here are some tips
udevadm test /sys/path/to/device
will tell you if your rule is running and what the state is at each step. You'll want to look at this before you start so you can see when your rule should runudevadm info /sys/path/to/device
will tell you what the PROPERTIES of a device are. These are usually set by hwdb files to inform userspace programs about the details of a device.udevadm info /sys/path/to/device --attribute-walk
will tell you about the ATTRIBUTES of a device and all it's parent devices. These correspond to the character file endpoints you are setting currently. You'll want to use these to write your match rules and set the values.udevadm monitor
can be used to watch for udev events to let you know if you should match on add, change, and/or remove.Udev rules work as a cascading match system and they run in numerical and directory order. E.g.
/usr/lib/udev/rules/60-keyboard.rules
will run before/etc/udev/rules.d/62-keyboard.rules
but after/etc/udev/rules.d/60-keyboard.rules
For user defined rules you will want to put them in
/etc/udev/rules.d/
and keep in mind any state that needs to be set before or after your rule.Matching happens with
==
or!=
, setting attributes is done with=
,+=
,-=
, or:=
. := is really cool because you can use that to block changes from downstream rules. E.g.MODE:="666"
will make the matched attribute r/w from unprivileged users, even if a later rule tries to set 400.Udev rules will run in order in a file, but each rule must be a single line. Each attribute will also be set in order of the rule if setting multiple attributes in a rule. Multiple rules can be useful if you need to set attributes on multiple levels of a device, or in sibling directories.
For a complete breakdown of everything, see the udev manual: https://man.archlinux.org/man/udev.7
I also have a guide on one of my (currently out of tree) drivers that has some examples. https://github.com/ShadowBlip/ayn-platform?tab=readme-ov-file#changing-startup-defaults
Let me know if you have questions.