TIL something new... My hate for MacOS took over common logic. 2.8GB, 3 seconds file transfer on USB was to beautiful to be true. After some further investigation and hints from @[email protected] @[email protected] I learned that Linux writes to cache before writing it to the device, to see whats happening in the background: sync & watch -n 1 grep -e Dirty: /proc/meminfo.

Still, the transfer speed on Linux was slightly faster than on MacOS. My rant was unjustified, It just my fault for being clueless on some more advanced Linux stuff. But I learned something new today, so this post was actually helpful !

Howerver, I still hate MacOS and will probably give Asahi remix a try.

Thanks to everyone !

Hey guys ! I'm getting tired/bored of MacOS' shenanigans... Yesterday was the last drop that make me think of trying an alternative.

While trying to upload a 2.8 GB file over to an USB-C stick it took like 8 minutes? Okay that's "good" enough if you only do it from time to time... But 25 files takes literally 1h30min... Are we in 2001?

I mean the exact same 2.8GB file, with the exact same USB-C stick took FU***** 3 seconds on Linux !!

Ohh and don't think I didn't tried to "fix" the issue, after a long search on the web I came across a lot of people having similar issues that aren't fixed since 2 major updates? With a total radio silence from the shiny poisonous Apple...

Among other things I tried:

• Disable Spotlight indexing sudo mdutil -a -i off
• Reformat the USB stick from Mac
• All available filesystem FAT32, exFAT...(yes even MacOS native APFS)
• Another USB stick
• ....

Enough is enough. I was willing to learn their way of thinking for my personal experience and somehow always got my way around to reproduce what I learned on Linux to Mac. But now that there is an alternative OS, I think I'm ready to get back home.

So does anyone here already gave Asahi Remix a try? If so what was your experience with it?

I read their FAQ and most of their documentation and it seems good enough for daily drive (except for some quirks here and there) but I wanted to hear from people who already made the jump and how was their personal feeling.

PS: I got that MacOS for my birthday from a family member with good intentions. That wasn't a personal choice. While I'm more than happy and thankful for the gift, I totally hate it more and more... Especially because MOST of my self-hosted services, applications, scripts, are open source.

Hi everyone :).

Just getting started with Manjaro as daily drive to get some easier arched based distro. Except for the LVM bug with calamares everything is pretty smooth :).

But at first boot, I saw they have added their personal Manjaro logo on boot and I directly though of the bug exploit logoFAIL I heard a few month ago and It made me curious if this is something that could be exploitable by Manjaro.

Probably not, this would harm their image and hard worked system, but I'm still curious... If someone smarter/more knowledgeable than me could chime in and give some valuable information on this topic regarding Manjaro, I would really appreciate it !

Thank you !

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.ml/post/15968883

Hello everyone ! Nobody seems to have an answer on [email protected] (or maybe they are not interested because it's an enteprise network community?) and [email protected] seems dead?

Anyway, If anyone could guide me or direct me to the right direction, I would really appreciate it !

TL:DR

What is encapsulated into the frame that makes everyone understand: "OHHH that’s for 10.0.0.8, your docker container on bridge network br-b1de on the veth2b interface !!! "

Hi everyone !

I'm scratching my head in finding an actual answer on how virtual networking in docker actually works (mostly on the packets/frame level) or some good documentation to improve my understanding on how everything fits together.

Because I'm probably lacking the correct network terminology I made a simple network topology of my network. Don't hesitate to correct any network mistake.

In my scenario, my docker container with the virtual interface veth2b22c98 and the following ip (10.0.0.8) connects to bridge network br-b1de95b5ea89. When I curl, from my conntainer, lemmy.ml the packets/frame is send to my enp4s0 and goes through my wireguard tunnel to my VPN provider which sends back the packet/frame/handshake...

I probed every interface with tcpdump (enp4s0, wg0, br-b1,veth2b):

• enp4s0: Every packet/frame is encapsulated into the wireguard protocol with my physical interface's IP (192.168.1.30) and no DNS is visible on that interface (like expected) and sends it out to my ISP's public IP.

• wg0: Shows every packet/frame with the actual protocol with my wireguard's interface IP (192.168.2.1) with the destination IP of lemmy.ml (Dst: 54.36.178.108)

• br-b1: Shows every packet/frame with the actual protocol with my containers IP (10.0.0.8) with the destination IP of lemmy.ml (Dst: 54.36.178.108)

I know there is a mix of 2 different concepts in my scenario (wireguard tunnel and virtual networking) but I really do not understand how the frame gets back to my docker container. When I look at the frames on wg0, there is no mention of either the MacAddress of my container or the actual IP of my container.

How/when/what ? is exactly happening to my frame so that it gets to the correct target between my physical interface, virtual interface, bridge ? I mean with VLAN's there's a VLAN tag on the frame, so you can easily identify with Wireshark where it should go. But here, I cannot find any clue who or what is doing the magic so the frame finds it's way back to my docker container.

What is encapsulated into the frame that makes everyone understand: "OHHH that's for 10.0.0.8, your docker container on bridge network br-b1de on the veth2b interface !!! "

Sorry for my broken English and lack of networking terminology and thank you for those who beared with me and are willing the give me some hints/proper networking lesson.

Edit: Whoops I just read that [email protected] is for enterprise networks? I hope my small homelab question doesn't break the rules? If so I will redirect my question.

Hi everyone !

I'm scratching my head in finding an actual answer on how virtual networking in docker actually works (mostly on the packets/frame level) or some good documentation to improve my understanding on how everything fits together.

Because I'm probably lacking the correct network terminology I made a simple network topology of my network. Don't hesitate to correct any network mistake.

In my scenario, my docker container with the virtual interface veth2b22c98 and the following ip (10.0.0.8) connects to bridge network br-b1de95b5ea89. When I curl, from my conntainer, lemmy.ml the packets/frame is send to my enp4s0 and goes through my wireguard tunnel to my VPN provider which sends back the packet/frame/handshake...

I probed every interface with tcpdump (enp4s0, wg0, br-b1,veth2b):

• enp4s0: Every packet/frame is encapsulated into the wireguard protocol with my physical interface's IP (192.168.1.30) and no DNS is visible on that interface (like expected) and sends it out to my ISP's public IP.

• wg0: Shows every packet/frame with the actual protocol with my wireguard's interface IP (192.168.2.1) with the destination IP of lemmy.ml (Dst: 54.36.178.108)

• br-b1: Shows every packet/frame with the actual protocol with my containers IP (10.0.0.8) with the destination IP of lemmy.ml (Dst: 54.36.178.108)

I know there is a mix of 2 different concepts in my scenario (wireguard tunnel and virtual networking) but I really do not understand how the frame gets back to my docker container. When I look at the frames on wg0, there is no mention of either the MacAddress of my container or the actual IP of my container.

How/when/what ? is exactly happening to my frame so that it gets to the correct target between my physical interface, virtual interface, bridge ? I mean with VLAN's there's a VLAN tag on the frame, so you can easily identify with Wireshark where it should go. But here, I cannot find any clue who or what is doing the magic so the frame finds it's way back to my docker container.

What is encapsulated into the frame that makes everyone understand: "OHHH that's for 10.0.0.8, your docker container on bridge network br-b1de on the veth2b interface !!! "

Sorry for my broken English and lack of networking terminology and thank you for those who beared with me and are willing the give me some hints/proper networking lesson.

Edit: Changed something on my network diagram (wireguard is not in a container it's bare bone on the server) and some typo.

Hi everyone :)

It's time to switch and give my home network a proper minimal hardware upgrade. Right now everything is managed by my ISP's AIO firewall/router combo. Which works okayish, but I'm already doing some firewall/dns/VPN stuff on my minimal spare laptop server to bypass most of my ISP's restrictions. So it's time to get a little bit "crazy" !

While I do have some "power user" knowledge regarding Linux/server/selfhosted services/networking, I'm a bit clueless hardware wise, specially regarding my ISP's 2.5G ethernet port.

I do have a 5giga connection from my Internet provider (Obtic fiber) which is divided into 4 ethernet ports (Eth1 2.5G, Eth2 1G, Eth3 1G, Eth4 0,500G or something in that range). And right now the Eth1 port is connected through an old 1G switch.

1. To take full advantage of my ISP's 2.5G ethernet port do I need a router AND a switch capable of 2.5G througput ? Or only the router and the switch is going to divid it accordingly between all connected devices on a 1G switch?

I'm also looking for some recommendation/personal experience for a router and a switch with a budget of 250e.

First I was interested into a BananaPI as a router, to tinker a bit, but it seems a bit of a hassle to flash it with OpenWRT, then I found an interesting post on Lemmy talking about the Intel N100 Celeron N5105, which looks like more what I'm looking for but I'm not sure ?

2. I have no idea what's the best bet, a SBC (bananapi mini, orange pi, raspberry pi...) a fully fleged router (like TP-Link AX1800 and flash it with opensense/openwrt) or an Intel N100 Celeron N5105 Soft Router ?

The capabilities I'm looking for:

• VLAN capable
• AP VLAN capabable to segment wifi
• Taking advantage of my ISP's 2.5G ethernet port
• Firewall customization capabilities

I have an eye on a managed switch I found on amazon (SODOLA 6 Port 2.5G Web Managed) but I have no idea how reliable they are, I have never heard of SODOLA.

3. Any good recommendation I should look at for a managed switch that would work great with the same capabilities above?

4. Probably last question, is regarding wifi APs. Is it possible to make an access point from my router even tough it hasn't atennas? If I connect an access point directly to my router, will it be capable of giving away wifi connection?

Thanks for reading though, I'm a bit unsure how I should spend my money to have a minimal but reliable/capable homelab setup. Every advice is welcome. But keep in mind, I want to keep it minimal, a good enough routing capbability with intermediate firewall customisation. I'm already hosting a few containers with a spare laptop and the traffic isn't going to be to crazy.

Hi everyone !

Right now I can't decide wich one is the most versatile and fit my personal needs, so I'm looking into your personal experience with each one of them, if you mind sharing your experience.

It's mostly for secure shared volumes containing ebooks and media storage/files on my home network. Adding some security into the mix even tough I actually don't need it (mostly for learning process).

More precisely how difficult is the NFS configuration with kerberos? Is it actually useful? Never used kerberos and have no idea how it works, so it's a very much new tech on my side.

I would really apreciate some indepth personal experience and why you would considere one over another !

Thank you !

Hello !

Getting a bit annoyed with permission issues with samba and sshfs. If someone could give me some input on how to find an other more elegant and secure way to share a folder path owned by root, I would really appreciate it !

Context

• The following folder path is owned by root (docker volume):

/var/lib/docker/volumes/syncthing_data/_data/folder

• The child folders are owned by the user server

/var/lib/docker/volumes/syncthing_data/_data/folder

• The user server is in the sudoers file
• Server is in the docker groupe
• fuse.confhas the user_allow_other uncommented

Mount point with sshfs

sudo sshfs [email protected]:/var/lib/docker/volumes/syncthing_data/_data/folder /home/user/folder -o allow_other

Permission denied

Things I tried

• Adding other options like gid 0,27,1000 uid 0,27,1000 default_permissions...
• Finding my way through stackoverflow, unix.stackexchange...

Solution I found

1. Making a bind mount from the root owned path to a new path owned by server

sudo mount --bind /var/lib/docker/volumes/syncthing_data/_data/folder /home/server/folder

2. Mount point with sshfs

sshfs [email protected]:/home/server/folder /home/user/folder

Question

While the above solution works, It overcomplicates my setup and adds an unecessary mount point to my laptop and fstab.

Isn't there a more elegant solution to work directly with the user server (which has root access) to mount the folder with sshfs directly even if the folder path is owned by root?

I mean the user has root access so something like:

sshfs [email protected]:/home/server/folder /home/user/folder -o allow_other should work even if the first part of the path is owned by root.

Changing owner/permission of the path recursively is out of question !

Thank you for your insights !

Hi everyone :)

For those interested, I share my just finished personal Firefox user.js. It's based on the latest arkenfox and has the same privacy features, with some personal tweaks to fit my workflow. And also easier to read 😅.

https://github.com/KalyaSc/fictional-sniffle/blob/main/user.js

KEEP IN MIND

Except for the privacy focused entries, some are personal choices for an easy drop-in Firefox preferences backup. This is what I consider a good privacy model and some entries could break YOUR workflow, especially if you don't have self-hosted alternatives (Vaultwarden, Linkding, Wallabag).

I'm not an expert, but most of those entries are the same as Arkenfox's user.js. I really encourage you to read their file for better understanding on what each entrie does. While my file is easier to read, one downside is the lack of documentation for each entries.

Also, this is not just a COPY/PAST. It took a lot of effort, time, reading, testing and understanding. I kept a similar naming scheme for cross referencing.

I learned a few things and hope that you also will enjoy, edit, read and learn new interesting things.

Happy hardening !

Features

• Automatic dark mode theme (Keep in mind you still need Dark Reader or similar plugin for web pages in dark mode.)
• Deep clean history on every Firefox quit. Only cookies as exception are kept. I need them for my self hosted services.
• Disable password/auto-fill/breache. Vaultwarden takes care of everything.
• All telemetry disabled by default except for the crash reports. To also disable the crash reports, comment the begining of the following lines with //:

user_pref("breakpad.reportURL", "");
user_pref("browser.tabs.crashReporting.sendReport", false);
user_pref("browser.crashReports.unsubmittedCheck.enabled", false);
user_pref("browser.crashReports.unsubmittedCheck.autoSubmit2", false);

• DoH disabled (got my personal VPN with DoH enabled)

user_pref("network.trr.mode", 5);

• Disable WebRTC. If you need it for video calling, meetings, video chats:

Comment the following line:

user_pref("media.peerconnection.enabled", false);

Uncomment the following (arkenfox default, it will force WebRTC inside your configured proxy)

//user_pref("media.peerconnection.ice.default_address_only", true);
//user_pref("media.peerconnection.ice.proxy_only_if_behind_proxy", true);

• FIxed Width and Height (1600x900) (Finger print resistant) arkenfox's default
• Resist Fingerprinting (RFP) which overrides finger print protection (FPP)
• Alot of other tweaks you can discover while reading through the file.

How to use/test this file ?

Open firefox, type about:profiles and create a test profile. Open the corresponding root folder, put in the user.js and launch profile in a new browser.

After testing and happy with the result, BACKUP your main Firefox profile somewhere safe and put the user.js in your main profile to see if it fits your workflow.

Room for improvement / TODO.

Alot of the settings in the 5000 range form arkenfox's user.js need further testing and investigation, because they could breake and cause performance/stability issues.

• JS exploits:

- javascript.options.baselinejit
- javascript.options.ion
- javascript.options.wasm
- javascript.options.asmjs

• Disable webAssembly
• ...

TODO

• Disable non-modern cipher suites
• Control TLS versions
• Disable SSL session IDs [FF36+]

Also those settings are another beast that needs further testing/investigation on how they work.

The user.js file

https://github.com/KalyaSc/fictional-sniffle/blob/main/user.js

WARNING

Arkenfox advise agianst addons who scramble and randomize your fingerprint characteristics (like chameleon).

WHY? Because resist fingerprint takes care of most things. See 4500: RFP (resistFingerprinting) in arkenfox user.js.

[WARNING] DO NOT USE extensions to alter RFP protected metrics

    418986 - limit window.screen & CSS media queries (FF41)
   1281949 - spoof screen orientation (FF50)
   1330890 - spoof timezone as UTC0 (FF55)
   1360039 - spoof navigator.hardwareConcurrency as 2 (FF55)
 FF56
   1333651 - spoof User Agent & Navigator API
      version: android version spoofed as ESR (FF119 or lower)
      OS: JS spoofed as Windows 10, OS 10.15, Android 10, or Linux | HTTP Headers spoofed as Windows or Android
   1369319 - disable device sensor API
   1369357 - disable site specific zoom
   1337161 - hide gamepads from content
....

Very long list !

Final words

I'm open for any constructive criticism or any constructive comment that could help me out to improve or understand something new or something I misunderstood. Sure that's not 100% my work, but as I said it took a lot of time, testing, searching, reading... Please don't be a crazy Panda...

Credits

https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js

https://github.com/pyllyukko/user.js/

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Firefox/Privacy

After the discussion in the following post I dug a bit deeper the rabbit hole.

While I mostly relied on Exodus to see if an app has trackers in it... I was baffle to see all the sketchy requests it made while dumping the DNS requests with PCAPdroid...

Over 200 shady requests in a few seconds after login... here's a preview:

While I don't use AdguardVPN, I have Adguard Home as my DNS server in my homelab... I think It's time to switch to pi-hole !

Edit: VPN pcapdroid

Hello again :)

I'm not talking about a broken wg connection, everything works as expect through the CLI and systemctl.

But the NetworkManger GUI in Gnome shows my Wireguard connection as it was "not connected" and when I click on the switch it actually disconnects my wg interface.

Also when I try to edit my connection through

nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect yes

and restart my wireguard connection with

systemctl restart wg-quick@wg0

It recreates a new wireguard interface.

While everything works as expected with the usual tools (wg-quick, systemctl...) the GUI seems "broken".

Someone else noticed or is this somehow related to my setup?

Debian 12 bookworm
Gnome 
nmcli tools 1.42.4

Solved

After interesting/insightful inputs from different users, here are the takeaways:

• It doesn't have some critical or dangerous impact or implications when extracted
• It contains the tared parent folder (see below for some neat tricks)
• It only overwrites the owner/permission if ./ itself is included in the tar file as a directory.
• Tarbombs are specially crafted tar archives with absolute paths / (by default (GNU) tar strips absolute paths and will throw a warning except if used with a special option –absolute-names or -P)
• Interesting read: Path-traversal vulnerability (../)

Some neat trick I learned from the post

Temporarily created subshell with its own environment:

Let’s say you’re in the home directory that’s called /home/joe. You could go something like:

> (cd bin && pwd) && pwd
/home/joe/bin
/home/joe

source

Exclude parent folder and ./ ./file from tar

There are probably a lot of different ways to achieve that expected goal:

(cd mydir/ && tar -czvf mydir.tgz *)

find mydir/ -printf "%P\n" | tar -czf mytar.tgz --no-recursion -C mydir/ -T - source

~~The absolute path could overwrite my directory structure (tarbomb) source Will overwrite permission/owner to the current directory if extracted. source~~

I'm sorry if my question wasn't clear enough, I'm really doing my best to be as comprehensible as possible :/

Hi everyone !

I'm playing a bit around with tar to understand how it works under the hood. While poking around and searching through the web I couldn't find an actual answer, on what are the implication of ./ and ./file structure in the tar archive.

Output 1

sudo find ./testar -maxdepth 1 -type d,f -printf "%P\n" | sudo tar -czvf ./xtractar/tar1/testbackup1.tgz -C ./testar -T -

#output
> tar tf tar1/testbackup1.tgz 

text.tz
test
my
file.txt
.testzero
test01/
test01/never.xml
test01/file.exe
test01/file.tar
test01/files
test01/.testfiles
My test folder.txt

Output 2

sudo find ./testar -maxdepth 1 -type d,f  | sudo tar -czvf ./xtractar/tar2/testbackup2.tgz -C ./testar -T -

#output
>tar tf tar2/testbackup2.tgz

./testar/
./testar/text.tz
./testar/test
./testar/my
./testar/file.txt
./testar/.testzero
./testar/test01/
./testar/test01/never.xml
./testar/test01/file.exe
./testar/test01/file.tar
./testar/test01/files
./testar/test01/.testfiles
./testar/My test folder.txt
./testar/text.tz
./testar/test
./testar/my
./testar/file.txt
./testar/.testzero
./testar/test01/
./testar/test01/never.xml
./testar/test01/file.exe
./testar/test01/file.tar
./testar/test01/files
./testar/test01/.testfiles
./testar/My test folder.txt

The outputs are clearly different and if I extract them both the only difference I see is that the second outputs the parent folder. But reading here and here this is not a good solution? But nobody actually says why?

Has anyone a good explanation why the second way is bad practice? Or not recommended?

Thank you :)

Hello everyone !

I have no idea if I’m in the right community, because it’s a mix of hardware and some light code/command to extract the power consumption out of my old laptop. I need some assistance and if someone way more intelligent than me could check the code and give feedback :)

Important infos

• 12 year old ASUS N76 laptop
• Bare bone server running Debian 12
• No battery (died long time ago)

Because I have no battery connected to my laptop It's impossible to use tools like lm-sensors, powerstat, powertop to output the wattage. But from the following ressource I can estimate the power based on the Energy.

time=1
declare T0=($(sudo cat /sys/class/powercap/*/energy_uj)); sleep $time; declare T1=($(sudo cat /sys/class/powercap/*/energy_uj))
for i in "${!T0[@]}"; do echo - | awk "{printf \"%.1f W\", $((${T1[i]}-${T0[i]})) / $time / 1e6 }" ; done

While It effectively outputs something, I'm not sure if I can rely on that to estimate the power consumption and if the code is actually correct? :/

Thanks :).

Edit:

My goal is to calculate the power drawn from my laptop without any electric appliance (maybe a worded my question/title wrong?). While It could be easily done with the top package or lm-sensors, this only work by measuring the battery discharge, which in my case is impossible because my laptop is directly connected to the outlet with his power cord (battery died years ago).

I dug a bit further through the web and found someone who asked the same question on superuser.com. While this gives a different reference point, nobody actually could answer the question.

This seems a bit harder than I though and is actually related to the /sys/class/powercap/*/energy_uj files and though someone could give me a bit more details on how this works and what the output actually shows.

This is also related to the power capping framework in the linux kernel? And as per the documentation this is representing the CPU packages current energy counter in micro joules.

So I came a bit closer in understanding how it works and what it does, even tough I’m still not sure what am I actually looking at :\ .