You should post your phone, the cable and the charger (specs) Also the soc at the beginning of the charging process.
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soc = state of charge (battery percentage)
Faster or more charging requires more power and therefore more heat is produced. If your phone is at 20% and you charge it, it will be charged at a higher rate than if you were charging it at 90%.
If you have an inductive charger, a wireless charger, those heat up due to the nature of their design when in use.
Edit: Don't rule out malfunction as the cause. The charger, cable, or phone could be creating an unsafe operating state.
Also, depending on your habits, it's possible for your phone to rarely fast charge.
Android will intentionally slow charge if it seems like bedtime, and will aim to hit 100% when your alarm goes off.
Source?
It's called adaptive charging.
It's Pixel-specific. OP didn't say which phone they have
It also has to be enabled first
My OnePlus also does that
Yes, it has a similar feature called Optimised Charging that's OnePlus-specific
Stock Android and Samsung OneUI don't have the feature, and as far as I know, there are no other brands that have it either