A lot of pseudoscience has a material basis in privatized healthcare - real scientific medicine is fuckin expensive, so people get sucked in to woo-woo scam bullshit to try and avoid medical debt
Science
General discussions about "science" itself
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A lot of it is also tied up with religion. Flat Earthers, for example, started by trying to reconcile biblical explanations of the Earth and the universe and it spiraled from there.
Religion, itself, has a material basis. Real scientific medicine is expensive, going to church is free.
This might be an explanation in the US, but here in Romania (not normally useful to talk about the EU as a monolith) there are tons of people that love pseudoscientific woo-woo despite the fact that we have some of the cheapest medical coverage in the world (definitely cheapest in the EU).
Small tangent: in some sense, we get what we pay for. Our medical system is nowhere close to France, for example, in outcome. It's probably one of the worst in Europe. It is cheap though, and for basic things (broken limbs, colds, basic medical surgeries) is just fine. It only becomes unfit for purpose during mass casualty events and exotic diseases.
The US exports its culture to the rest of the world.
Also, as you point out your medical system sometimes has poor outcomes. That, too, acts as a material basis for pseudoscience.
More than that, it fills the gaps science hasn't explained yet. Many people really don't like hearing "I don't know". Pseudoscience gives them certainly.
Science can't cure your cold? We can!
That's definitely another material component of the problem - there's not always a pill you can take for a problem, so naturally people are going to cope with that by latching on to whatever explanations and options they can.