Try something like this for one serie:
Show_name [ID]/
Show_name [ID]/Season 01
Show_name [ID]/Season 01/S01E01 Episode name.mkv
Clear all the log task in jellyfin Task menu:
Dashboard>Scheduled Task>Maintenance
Optimize Database
Clear Log Folder
Clear Cache Folder
Clear Activity Logs
Clear Transcodes Folder
Clear all your Browsers cache/history/data
This depends on what browser you use
Do a full rescan of your Jellyfin show
Dashboard>Libraries>Scan All Libraries
Replace all metadata and check to replace existing images
Jellyfin main menu (where you see your shows thumbnail) > "three dots" > refresh metadata > replace all metadata > check replace existing images
If this works for the TV show you changed according to Jellyfin recommendations, you can bulk edit your TV shows names and folders with Sonarr. You don't need to redownload them, just use your local files.
If this doesn't work check your Jellyfin's docker logs/configuration/metadata downloader
Hope it helps !
Edit: here's an example on how to edit naming scheme with sonarr: https://trash-guides.info/Sonarr/Sonarr-recommended-naming-scheme/