Python

Not surprisingly, trees

import numpy as np
from pathlib import Path

cwd = Path(__file__).parent

cross = np.array([[-1,0],[1,0],[0,-1],[0,1]])

class Node():
  def __init__(self, coord, parent):
    self.coord = coord
    self.parent = parent

  def __repr__(self):
    return f"{self.coord}"

def parse_input(file_path):

  with file_path.open("r") as fp:
    data = list(map(list, fp.read().splitlines()))

  return np.array(data, dtype=int)

def find_neighbours(node_pos, grid):

  I = list(filter(lambda x: all([c>=0 and o-c>0 for c,o in zip(x,grid.shape)]),
                  list(cross + node_pos)))
  I = tuple([[x[0] for x in I], [x[1] for x in I]])

  candidates = grid[I]
  J = np.argwhere(candidates-grid[tuple(node_pos)]==1).flatten()

  return list(np.array(I)[:, J].T)

def construct_trees(grid):

  roots = list(np.argwhere(grid==0))
  trees = []

  for root in roots:

    levels = [[Node(root, None)]]
    while len(levels[-1])>0 or len(levels)==1:
      levels.append([Node(node, root) for root in levels[-1] for node in
                     find_neighbours(root.coord, grid)])
    trees.append(levels)

  return trees

def trace_back(trees, grid):

  paths = []

  for levels in trees:
    for node in levels[-2]:

      path = ""
      while node is not None:
        coord = ",".join(node.coord.astype(str))
        path += f"{coord} "
        node = node.parent
      paths.append(path)

  return paths

def solve_problem(file_name):

  grid = parse_input(Path(cwd, file_name))
  trees = construct_trees(grid)
  trails = trace_back(trees, grid)
  ntrails = len(set(trails))
  ntargets = sum([len(set([tuple(x.coord) for x in levels[-2]])) for levels in trees])

  return ntargets, ntrails