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It's going to be basically impossible impossible to address this. You've asked incredibly broad questions and I'm typing on my phone with arthritic thumbs. Anything I miss or can't exhaustively lay out convincingly you'll just say "well what about that thing". Which is fair enough, hence why political theories can't be adequately explained in a few internet comments and why if you want detailed answers you can really only find them in books. I'm sorry, I'd have the same answer if you asked me to explain electromagnetism. Some things are just complicated.

I would say I'm not sure why you seem to think centralisation leads to superior manufacturing capabilities or agility in decision making. That isn't obvious to me, often in disaster situations we find the opposite with citizens mustering before states. Many models of anarchism are highly industrialised. It's not as simple as big military beats small military, look how badly the usa failed in its various wars since ww2. Even if that was true why then is the world not neatly rolled into one super state? factors other than military might superiority affect the desire for and feasibility of military invasions.

As to not having an exact answer for every conceivable problem: it's not like our society has one either. It's not designed, we're making this shit up and it is failing catastrophically to address challenges like power and wealth concentration due to technology, ecosystem collapse (we are in a mass extinction ffs), and climate change. Further it almost ended the world several times over during the cold war!