this post was submitted on 31 May 2024
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You have a pretty good list already. There are definitely still electronic component kits out there that are a handful of resistors, capacitors, and transistors of different values and some LEDs. You can also look at the parts in these kits and order them yourself from a place like Digi-key or Mouser, not sure what is available to you. It might save you a couple of bucks.
You probably don't need a variable power supply, unless you really want one. But you should be fine with a 2 or 3 AA battery holder that has some wire leads you can plug into the breadboard. 10k Ohm potentiometers are the most common and the only kind I think I used in school. You can also look into logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, XOR) to start getting into the digital side of electronics without a microcontroller. Logic gates are the building blocks behind modern computers. There are IC chips that fit into breadboards in the 74HC Series.
Yeah, I agree. They'll be able to get things working with AA's or a 9V, no need for a fancy power supply. If I were them, I might even just pick up a couple of DC power supplies from the thrift store 25 cent bin of assorted cords.
OP, plenty of people donate things like DC power supplies, they are just not adjustable, they are just random chargers and cords they had laying around. You probably already have a couple. You might not be able to produce the 6.176523 V you want right off the bat if you just have a 5V and a 12V power supply, but one of the first things you learn about with analog electronics is voltage dividing, so it's easy to get what you need.
Also, the kits that come with an arduino or whatever still have the stuff that you'd want. Arduinos are handy, too cause they'll take analog inputs so you can graph stuff, or do whatever you want with your computer connected to your breadboard.
A power supply is something that a lot of hobbyists will build themselves. It's very easy to build one with an LM317.