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Self-hosted Jellyfin CPU or GPU for 4K HDR transcoding? (lemmy.one)
submitted 6 months ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
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Hey everyone, I'm building a new server to run Jellyfin (with a few other services like Pi-hole) and I'm stuck on GPU or CPU transcoding.

My main concern is smooth 4K HDR transcoding for 1 stream. I've been reading mixed advice online – some people say a strong CPU with good single-core performance can handle it, while others recommend a dedicated GPU.

Should I focus my budget (~$1000AUD/$658USD) on a good CPU, or spend some of it on a dedicated GPU?

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[–] [email protected] 18 points 6 months ago (2 children)

You can easily do smooth 4K HDR transcoding with any modern Intel CPU with integrated graphics.

I have an Intel N100 and it can probably handle 2-3 4K HDR transcodes at once. Definitely more if they're being transcoded down to lower resolutions. Encoding is the most intensive part of the process.

[–] [email protected] 0 points 6 months ago (2 children)

I don’t know where you’ve bought your N100 but i think it shouldn’t be able to do that. I have one too and it cant do even one 4k 10bit HDR transcode.

As i see in the results from the benchmarks we’ve gathered (here: https://gist.github.com/ironicbadger/5da9b321acbe6b6b53070437023b844d), my experience seems to be the common one.

While de N100 is a great value and low energy processor for a jellyfin server (especially if you direct play everything as is my case), I think if the objective is 4k hdr 10bit it will fall short as in my experience it usually transcodes at 8-9fps.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 6 months ago* (last edited 6 months ago) (1 children)

It's not Jellyfin, but here's my N100 simultaneously doing two 4K HDR transcodes with tone mapping enabled. Neither stream had buffering.

So it's definitely a capable chip, but might be dependent on transcode settings.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 6 months ago

Yeah after seeing this and another very detail answer it looks line my settings are too demanding and that is causing a slowdown. Since i do direct playing on everything i might just turn them down for the one friend who seems to be always on the weirdest player that needs transcoding. Thanks all!!

[–] [email protected] 11 points 6 months ago* (last edited 6 months ago)

I use QSV hardware acceleration with Low Power h264 and HEVC encoders enabled, plus VPP tonemapping on Jellyfin. I have Prefer OS Native DXVA or VA-API decoders checked (apparently this is needed for VPP tonemapping) and also Enable Tone mapping checked so it can fallback onto OpenCL if VPP doesn't work. Thread count set to Auto. Preset is set to medium. h265 encoding CRF of 25, h264 encoding CRF of 23 and I have Throttle transcodes enabled, which seems to increase the number of videos I can have transcoding at once due to not transcoding more than necessary whenever a player has enough buffer for the moment.

This is on the latest Jellyfin linuxserver.io container with the OpenCL-Intel docker mod.

Also, not sure if this is a factor but I've got 16 GB of single channel RAM on it and I use a USB-mounted SSD for my cache and transcode folders. In the past I ran into bandwidth issues by having my transcodes be on the same drive as my media.

I get 4K HDR to 4K SDR tonemapping plus 7.1 Dolby TrueHD to 2.0 AAC transcoding at 70-75fps with my setup.

Transcoding of 4K down to lower resolutions is even faster. 4K HDR to 480p SDR runs at 191fps.

I took a look at the benchmark script those results are from and compared them to the ffmpeg commands auto-generated by my Jellyfin server for actual transcodes.

Here's how the command to transcode a 4K HDR 10 bit HEVC with 7.1 AAC audio to 4K SDR h264 with 2.0 AAC audio looks on my machine:

/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg -analyzeduration 200M -init_hw_device vaapi=va:,kernel_driver=i915,driver=iHD -init_hw_device qsv=qs@va -filter_hw_device qs -hwaccel vaapi -hwaccel_output_format vaapi -autorotate 0 -i file:"/Films/Man of Steel (2013)/Man of Steel (2013) Bluray-2160p Proper.mkv" -autoscale 0 -map_metadata -1 -map_chapters -1 -threads 0 -map 0:0 -map 0:1 -map -0:s -codec:v:0 h264_qsv -low_power 1 -preset medium -look_ahead 0 -b:v 7616000 -maxrate 7616000 -bufsize 15232000 -g:v:0 72 -keyint_min:v:0 72 -vf "setparams=color_primaries=bt709:color_trc=bt709:colorspace=bt709,scale_vaapi=format=nv12:extra_hw_frames=24,hwmap=derive_device=qsv,format=qsv" -codec:a:0 libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 384000 -ar 48000 -af "volume=2" -copyts -avoid_negative_ts disabled -max_muxing_queue_size 2048 -f hls -max_delay 5000000 -hls_time 3 -hls_segment_type mpegts -start_number 587 -hls_segment_filename "/transcodes/53a1ea6d1a7a34b888e73230f9ff04e2%d.ts" -hls_playlist_type vod -hls_list_size 0 -y "/transcodes/53a1ea6d1a7a34b888e73230f9ff04e2.m3u8"

And here's the command that benchmark runs for 10-bit HEVC:

/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg -y -hide_banner -benchmark -report -c:v hevc_qsv -i /config/ribblehead_4k_hevc_10bit.mp4 -c:a copy -c:v hevc_qsv -preset fast -global_quality 18 -look_ahead 1 -f null - 2>/dev/null

So I'm gonna go out on a limb and say there's a major difference in configuration between the two. Setting global_quality to 18 is kind of absurdly high quality for hardware h265 encoding. You can easily get away with 28 for "good enough". My setting of 25 for the CRF of h265 encoding is already edging into placebo territory for most videos. That's all without considering the impact of low power mode, extra_hw_frames, etc.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 6 months ago

Intel GPUs look like a great value. And AV1 hardware acceleration is a game changer