Science

Transforming science organizations: The impact of women’s leadership on institutional reform

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https://council.science/blog/transforming-science-organizations-the-impact-of-womens-leadership-on-institutional-reform/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=transforming-science-organizations-the-impact-of-womens-leadership-on-institutional-reform

Workshop: Opportunities and challenges of generative AI for managers and leaders

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https://council.science/blog/workshop-opportunities-and-challenges-of-generative-ai-for-managers-and-leaders/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=workshop-opportunities-and-challenges-of-generative-ai-for-managers-and-leaders

New ISC-CAST initiative to empower Early- and Mid-Career Researchers worldwide

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https://council.science/news/isc-cast-initiative-to-empower-early-and-mid-career-researchers/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=isc-cast-initiative-to-empower-early-and-mid-career-researchers

ISC Governing Board elections 2024 – designate your voting delegate by 1 December

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https://council.science/news/isc-gb-elections-2024/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=isc-gb-elections-2024

ISC CEO Salvatore Aricò addresses the 2024 World Science and Technology Forum

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https://council.science/blog/isc-ceo-salvatore-arico-addresses-the-2024-world-science-and-technology-forum/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=isc-ceo-salvatore-arico-addresses-the-2024-world-science-and-technology-forum

Pacific Academy of Sciences launch: Harnessing the knowledge of the Pacific

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https://council.science/news/pacific-academy-launch/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pacific-academy-launch

From pioneer to leader: paving the way for African women in mathematics

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https://council.science/blog/from-pioneer-to-leader-paving-the-way-for-african-women-in-mathematics/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=from-pioneer-to-leader-paving-the-way-for-african-women-in-mathematics

A new vaccine provides hope for treating and even preventing the highly contagious and difficult-to-treat Clostridioides difficile infection, more commonly known as C. difficile or C. diff. In animal models, this first mRNA-LNP C. difficile vaccine was found to protect against C. difficile first-time infections and relapsing infections by inducing a robust immune response, promote clearance of existing C. diff bacteria from the gut, and even overcome deficits in host immunity to protect animals after infection, according to researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. The results, published in the journal Science, will pave the way for clinical trials of the vaccine.

A major new study reveals that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from forest fires have surged by 60% globally since 2001, and almost tripled in some of the most climate-sensitive northern boreal forests.

In the face of gender apartheid: Dr. Erfani’s path

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https://council.science/blog/in-the-face-of-gender-apartheid-dr-erfani-path/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=in-the-face-of-gender-apartheid-dr-erfani-path

Protected: Request for feedback: ISC draft strategic plan 2025–2028 | deadline: 10 November

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https://council.science/news/feedback-isc-draft-strategic-plan-2025-2028/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=feedback-isc-draft-strategic-plan-2025-2028

Who shapes the future of science? Examining the stark gender imbalance in scientific leadership

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https://council.science/blog/who-shapes-the-future-of-science-examining-the-stark-gender-imbalance-in-scientific-leadership/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=who-shapes-the-future-of-science-examining-the-stark-gender-imbalance-in-scientific-leadership

Post-flood recovery: lessons from Germany and Nigeria on how to help people cope with loss and build resilience

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https://council.science/blog/post-flood-recovery-lessons-day-disaster-risk-reduction/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=post-flood-recovery-lessons-day-disaster-risk-reduction

Post-flood recovery: lessons from Germany and Nigeria on how to help people cope with loss and build resilience

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https://council.science/news/post-flood-recovery-lessons-day-disaster-risk-reduction/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=post-flood-recovery-lessons-day-disaster-risk-reduction

Post-flood recovery: lessons from Germany and Nigeria on how to help people cope with loss and build resilience

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https://council.science/news/post-flood-recovery-lessons-from-germany-and-nigeria-on-how-to-help-people-cope-with-loss-and-build-resilience/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=post-flood-recovery-lessons-from-germany-and-nigeria-on-how-to-help-people-cope-with-loss-and-build-resilience

Abstract

The great upsurge of witch trials in early modern Europe remains a historical puzzle. Popularly known as the “witch craze”, this eruption of persecution is puzzling because belief in witchcraft had existed for centuries, but large-scale witch-hunting appeared rather abruptly, spread widely, and was remarkably brutal in comparison with the past. We define a theory of ideational diffusion to describe the general process of the emergence and spread of a new idea along with its prescribed behavioral change, in this case the adoption of witch-hunting. Ideational diffusion distinguishes between the adoption of new ideas, which lead social actors to reinterpret the world and thus to change their behavior, and the adoption of behavior alone. We relate how a new theory of witchcraft appeared in the fifteenth century and show that its widespread propagation, owing to the new technology of printing, matches our description of ideational diffusion. We then analyze the diffusion of witch trials in Central Europe by combining data on the publication of demonological treatises alongside climate, state capacity, religious economy, and city network variables. We find that cities adopted persecution after demonological treatises were printed, and that nearby trials induced neighbors to adopt persecution. Tracing the print vectors and social interdependence spurring witch-hunting helps us understand the general mechanisms behind the spread of persecution.